With the increased goals in the coalition agreement, photovoltaics was explained as a guarantee of a rapid expansion of renewable energies.Because solar systems can be expanded faster at short notice-in contrast to the construction of wind power plants that have a much longer advance.
A research team from the eco-institute has specified four measures.They help to achieve the annual build -up rates of systems for the generation of renewable energies as soon as possible and to keep it in the long term.The short-term analysis shown below is based on the study "Economicity of Photovoltaic roof systems", which the scientists published on behalf of the Federal Environment Agency in October 2021.The recommendations for political measures developed there have now been updated and specified.
The first of the measures must be implemented until the end of January and should therefore be in front of the entire amendment.
Recommendations for action:
- Die automatische Degression der Vergütungssätze wird kurzfristig bis zum Inkrafttreten der EEG-Novelle ausgesetzt.
- Die Vergütungssätze werden einmalig um mindestens zwei Cent pro Kilowattstunde in der Vergütungskategorie bis 10 Kilowattpeak und mindestens 1,5 Cent pro Kilowattstunde für größere Anlagen angehoben. Dies setzt einen Impuls, um die Zubauraten schnell zu steigern.
- Zusätzlich wird ein Vergütungsaufschlag in Höhe von 4 bis 4,5 Cent pro Kilowattstunde für Volleinspeise-Anlagen gezahlt, da diese unter den aktuellen Umständen nicht wirtschaftlich betrieben werden können.
- Der Degressionsmechanismus wird überarbeitet, um langfristig die geplanten Zubauraten zu sichern und eine angemessene Vergütung zu gewährleisten: vom „atmenden Deckel“ hin zur „atmenden Hebebühne“.
Maßnahme 1: Kurzfristiges Aussetzen der Degression
Since the beginning of 2020, photovoltaic systems of less than 20 percent have become around 20 percent more expensive (photovoltaic price monitor Germany, 3.Quarter 2021 of the BSW-Solar association).At the same time, remuneration rates fell by at least 1.4 percent per month and are now about a third below the value of the beginning of 2020.After the PV access has increased continuously since October 2019, the reduced profitability has also been noticeable in the recruitment for the annual installations since May 2021, and the breathing lid has the build-up rates close to the addition corridor of the EEGS 2021 (Figure 1).
At the end of January, the remuneration rates for February to April 2022 will be determined.So that this development is not manifested further, the degression must be exposed to the short -term measure at least until April 2022 and the remuneration rates must be frozen.Long-term suspension should then be checked as part of the measure 4 at the EEG amendment.
Maßnahme 2: Vergütungssätze einmalig anheben
The described opposite development of plant prices and remuneration rates should be compensated for by a once lifting of the remuneration rates.How high this should be is described below.
About the method: The following calculation is based on the input data documented in UBA (2021).The system prices were based on the BSW PV price monitor for the 3.Quartered to the current development.The EEG surcharge will be set to 0 cents per kilowatt hour from 2023, according to the coalition agreement.
The calculation: In Figure 2, the remuneration rates for January 2022 and the electricity control costs (LCOE) for system classes 5, 30 and 60 kilowatt peak are shown.According to the approach in UBA (2021), varied between low, medium and high electricity..There are three scenarios for the development of end customer power prices: with constant prices, an annual price increase of one percent and an annual price decline of one percent scheduled.
In Figure 2, the currently valid remuneration rates for January 2022 are compared with the electricity costs (Levelized Costs of Electricity, LCOE) for self -consumption systems.The self -consumption rate was set with 25 percent for private households and 35 percent for businesses.Electricity costs indicate which costs must be spent to generate a kilowatt hour of electricity.
If one selects the mean electricity costs as the target, the remuneration rates according to EEG 2021 result in additional financing requirements of around 2 cents per kilowatt hour for 5-kilowatt systems and about 1.5 cents per kilowatt hour for 30- and 60-kilowatt systems.This roughly corresponds to the remuneration rates from August 2020 and December 2020 for 30 kilowatt systems.
In order for a larger number of systems to become economical, a slightly higher impact could also be checked.
The amount of the one-time increase also depends on which level the remuneration rates will decrease until the EEG amendment comes into force.This depends on whether the degression is suspended beforehand, as described in measure 1.
Maßnahme 3: Aufschlag für Volleinspeise-Anlagen
Figure 3 shows the currently valid remuneration rates for January 2022, the increased remuneration rates in accordance with measure 2 and the electricity costs for full feed -in systems.
After implementing the one-time remuneration increase for an economic implementation, full feed-in systems require a surcharge of at least 4.5 cents per kilowatt hour for 5-kilowatt systems, 3.9 cents per kilowatt hour of 30 kilowatt systems and 4.4 cents per kilowatt hour for60-kilowatt systems.
These higher remuneration rates for photovoltaic systems that fully feed their electricity into the power grid should be included in the EEG.This can be done either as a surcharge to the regular remuneration rate or as a separate remuneration segment.
This measure would also enable it to open up roof potential, in which the photovoltaic current cannot be used or only with considerable effort itself.The full-time charge can also be used as a supplementary approach to the tenant power model, which even after its reform does not make a substantial contribution to the expansion of photovoltaics.Only 0.7 percent of the systems installed in the non-tender segment this year until the end of October are eliminated on the tenant power model.Especially in cities with a large extent of rented houses or houses with owner communities, the photovoltaic expansion is going too slowly.With a full feed-in surcharge, this roof potential would result in an option and the inner-city, consumption-related photovoltaic extension could be accelerated considerably.
In order to prevent any take-away effects, the exchange options between self-consumption and full feed-in surcharge should be restricted.This would be possible if system operators have to choose to commission or only switch to their own consumption segment once.
Maßnahme 4: Degressionsmechanismus überarbeiten
It is currently unclear how system prices will develop in the next few months.A decline is initially unlikely, since the lack of craftsmen in particular will continue to exacerbate due to the higher building requirement.
One way to counter the situation would be to be suspended in the long term than in measure 1 - for example for one year.During this time, the developments in plant prices and the addition should be evaluated.On this basis, the degression mechanism can be adjusted again.
Here the focus should be on reaching the necessary addition, ie a "breathing lift" instead of a "breathing lid".The basic design must first be chosen as the central element in accordance with the expected decline in costs and regularly evaluated.Before the increase in plant prices, these fell by about two percent per year annually.This would correspond to a monthly degression of 0.2 percent and would possibly be an option for the basic degression in perspective.The basic design should apply to a relatively large area if the target value is exceeded.If the target supplement is below the target, the remuneration rates should be adequately increased and to add the extension more strongly.
— Der Autor David Ritter ist Senior Researcher im Bereich Energie & Klimaschutz am Standort Freiburg des Öko-Instituts.The focus of his work is the expansion of renewable energies in the electricity sector and their financing as well as scenario and data analyzes for the development of the energy system.The article first appeared on the blog of the eco-institute.-
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